Introduction
Rabbits are adorable, gentle creatures, but their diet is more complex than it may appear. Feeding them incorrectly can lead to serious health issues, such as digestive problems and obesity. Understanding what rabbits eat, how much they need, and how to provide a balanced diet is essential for keeping your pet healthy and happy.
Core Components of a Rabbit’s Diet
1. Hay – The Foundation
Hay should make up 70-80% of a rabbit’s daily diet. It is crucial for:
- Proper digestive health
- Wearing down constantly growing teeth
- Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome
Types of hay:
- Timothy hay: Ideal for adult rabbits; high fiber, low protein.
- Meadow hay: Good variety, softer texture, mild flavor.
- Alfalfa hay: Rich in calcium and protein; best for young rabbits or nursing mothers, not adults due to calcium content.
Tips:
- Offer hay freely, in a hay rack or pile.
- Check for mold or dust before feeding.
- Observe your rabbit’s droppings: healthy rabbits produce round, firm pellets.
2. Fresh Vegetables
Fresh greens are an important part of a rabbit’s daily diet. They provide vitamins, minerals, and water.
Safe vegetables include:
- Leafy greens: romaine lettuce, spinach, kale (in moderation), arugula
- Herbs: parsley, cilantro, basil
- Others: bell peppers, broccoli leaves, carrot tops
Tips:
- Introduce new vegetables gradually to prevent digestive upset.
- Wash thoroughly to remove pesticides.
- Avoid iceberg lettuce (low nutritional value) and toxic plants like rhubarb leaves.
3. Fruits – Treats, Not Staples
Fruits are high in sugar and should only be given occasionally. Examples include:
- Apples (without seeds)
- Strawberries
- Blueberries
- Banana slices
Visual cue: Treats should be less than 5% of daily intake. Too much sugar can cause diarrhea or obesity.
4. Pellets
High-quality rabbit pellets can supplement hay and vegetables, but should not dominate the diet.
Guidelines:
- Choose pellets with high fiber (18-22%) and low protein.
- Feed 1/8 to 1/4 cup per 5 lbs of body weight daily.
- Avoid mixes with seeds, nuts, or colored bits—these can be unhealthy fillers.
5. Water
Fresh water is essential. Rabbits drink 50-150 ml per kg of body weight daily, depending on size, activity, and diet.
Tips:
- Provide in a clean bowl or bottle.
- Refill daily and ensure it’s always accessible.
- Watch for signs of dehydration: lethargy, dry nose, sunken eyes.
Signs Your Rabbit’s Diet Is Off
- Digestive issues: diarrhea, soft stools, bloating
- Dental problems: overgrown teeth, drooling
- Weight changes: sudden loss or gain
- Behavioral changes: decreased appetite, lethargy
Observing droppings is one of the best ways to monitor health. Healthy droppings are round, uniform, and firm.
Where Rabbits Can Be Found or Live
Wild and domestic rabbits have slightly different habitats:
Wild rabbits:
- Meadows, grasslands, forests, and bushy areas
- Burrows or warrens underground
- Areas with access to fresh vegetation and water sources
Domestic rabbits:
- Indoor or outdoor hutches
- Spacious pens with hiding spots
- Areas with a steady supply of hay, vegetables, and water
Note: Domestic rabbits should always have a safe, predator-free environment.
Practical Feeding Tips
- Rotate vegetables daily to provide variety.
- Monitor for picky eating; sometimes rabbits favor certain hay types.
- Remove uneaten fresh greens after 8-12 hours to prevent spoilage.
- Avoid sudden dietary changes; switch foods gradually over 7-10 days.
FAQs
1. Can rabbits eat carrots?
Yes, but only in small amounts. Carrots are high in sugar and should be given as an occasional treat.
2. How often should I feed my rabbit?
Hay should be available all day, vegetables once or twice daily, and pellets in measured portions.
3. Are there foods rabbits should never eat?
Yes. Avoid chocolate, onions, garlic, avocado, rhubarb leaves, and any processed human foods.